{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"Uroplakins (UPs) are a family of transmembrane proteins (UPs Ia, Ib, II and III) that are specific differentiation products of urothelial cells. In non-neoplastic mammalian urothelium, UPs are expressed in the luminal surface plasmalemma of superficial (umbrella) cells, forming complexes of 16-nm crystalline particles. According to literature, Uroplakin III is expressed in urothelial carcinomas, whereas many non-urothelial carcinomas were UPIII-negative. Recent studies have shown that UP expression might reflect the malignant potential of urothelial cancer cells as well as being cytodifferential markers of urothelial cells."}]}]}