{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene. TIM-3 is an immune checkpoint and together with other inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein mediate CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. According to literature, TIM-3 expression is up-regulated in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in lung, gastric, head & neck Cancers, schwannoma, melanoma and follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The TIM-3 pathway may interact with the PD-1 pathway in the dysfunctional CD8+ T cells and Tregs in cancer. TIM-3 is mainly expressed on activated CD8+ T cells and suppresses macrophage activation following PD-1 inhibition .Upregulation has been observed in tumors progressing after anti-PD-1 therapy."}]}]}