{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"Spalt-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a transcription factor encoded by a member of the Spalt-like (SALL) gene family, SALL4. There are four human SALL proteins (SALL1, 2, 3, and 4) with structural homology that play diverse roles in embryonic development, kidney function, and cancer. SALL4 expression is undetectable in most adult tissues with the exception of germ cells and human blood progenitor cells. In normal testicular tissue, weakly positive SALL4 staining is observed in spermatogonia. In addition, a few (<5%) primary spermatocytes show dot-like weak SALL4 staining while secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, rete testis, epididymis, spermatic cord fibroblasts, blood vessels, and hematopoietic cells do not have detectable SALL4. SALL4 is reactivated and misregulated in various cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL), germ cell tumors, gastric cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer, and glioma."}]}]}