{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is encoded by the IDH1 gene on chromosome 2q33.3. IDH1 catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to ⍺-ketoglutarate and reduction of NADP+ to NADPH in the Krebs citric acid cycle. Both ⍺-ketoglutarate and NADPH play a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and mitigating oxidative damage. Mutation in residue 132 of IDH1 from arginine to histidine results in altered enzymatic function, build up of 2-hydroxyglutarate, and change in histone and DNA methylation. According to literature, mutation of IDH1 is implicated in metaphyseal chondromatosis with aciduria as well as diffused gliomas and a number of neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, melanoma, chondroid tumors, and certain rare forms of colonic and prostate carcinomas. However studies have shown that IDH1 mutation is not a direct trigger of oncogenesis, but strongly associated with other tumor-promoting mutations."}]}]}