{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"Glypican-3, encoded by the CPC3 gene, is a member of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan (GRIPS) family. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. Glypican-3 is highly expressed in embryonic tissues but has a low expression in normal adult tissues. Positive staining for Glypican-3 is observed in approximately 80-90% of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the context of testicular germ cell tumors, glypican-3 expression is up-regulated in certain histologic subtypes, specifically yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinoma. A high level of glypican-3 expression has also been found in some types of embryonal tumors, such as Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma."}]}]}