{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"Fumarate hydratase (FH) is an enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle, where it catalyzes the formation of L-malate from fumarate. Mutations in the FH gene can cause FH deficiency and lead to progressive encephalopathy. It was discovered that succinate dehydrogenase and FH are tumor suppressors and they are associated with metabolic dysfunction and tumorigenesis, providing biochemical evidence to explain enhanced glycolysis in tumors. Cells of individuals with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) have been found to exhibit lower FH enzyme activity than cells from normal individuals. Loss‐of‐function mutations of FH also predispose individuals to the autosomal dominant syndrome of multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL)."}]}]}