{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","value":"Melanoma-associated gene C2 (MAGEC2) belongs to the melanoma antigen (MAGE) family of cancer-testis antigens which is expressed in normal testis and placental tissue. MAGEC2 is associated with tumor relapse and metastasis, with tumors of various histological types, including Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Melanoma, Lung Cancer, Bladder Cancer and Breast Cancer. It has been indicated that MAGEC2 expression is associated with hallmarks of aggressive cancers.\n MAGEC2 is used to distinguish Seminoma from Embryonal carcinomas. MAGEC2 marker is a diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Immunohistochemical expression of MAGEC2 has a distinct nuclear staining. In non-neoplastic germ cells, MAGEC2 had a consistent and strong nuclear expression in 100% of cases. The staining is very strong in immature forms of spermatogonia and spermatocytes but weakens gradually with more mature forms like spermatids. No MAGEC2 expression was found in sperms. On the other hand, MAGEC2 is expressed in all cases (100%) of Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia of Unclassified type (IGCNU) with a similar pattern as in non-neoplastic intratubular germ cells. In Seminomas, MAGEC2 is expressed in 238 of 254 cases. From the other germ cell tumor components: 5 of 51 Yolk Sac Tumors (10%) and 1 of 10 Choriocarcinomas (10%) were positive for the MAGEC2 marker. None of the Embryonal Carcinomas or Teratomas had any nuclear expression of MAGEC2. MAGEC2 can be identified as a sensitive marker to differentiate Seminomas from other types of Germ Cell tumors. MAGEC2 plays a critical role in promoting Breast Cancer progression via the induction of EMT, which escalates the motility and invasiveness of tumor cells."}]}]}