CD38

CD38 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B and natural killer cells. It is a marker of cell activation. The CD38 protein has been connected to HIV infection, Leukemias, Myelomas, solid tumors, Type II Diabetes Mellitus and bone metabolism, as well as some genetically-determined conditions. It has also been used as a prognostic marker in Leukemia. CD38 is highly expressed on thymocytes. It is also expressed by early cells of B and T lineages, NK cells, plasma cells, monocytes and macrophages, and may be detected on cells from Multiple Myeloma, ALL (B and T) and some AML.

Monoclonal antibodies to CD38 have been shown to be useful in subtyping of Lymphomas and Leukemias, inhibition of B-lymphopoiesis, detection of plasma cells, protection of B-cells from apoptosis, and as a marker for activated B and T-cell proliferation.

CD38 is a mouse monoclonal antibody derived from cell culture supernatant that is concentrated, dialyzed, filter sterilized and diluted in buffer pH 7.5, containing BSA and sodium azide as a preservative.

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1. Cut and mount 3-4 micron formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues on positive charged slides.
2. Air dry for 2 hours at 58° C.
3. Deparaffinize, dehydrate and rehydrate tissues.
4. Subject tissues to heat epitope retrieval using a suitable retrieval solution such as ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate (BSB 0020-BSB 0023) or EDTA (BSB 0030-BSB 0033).
5. Any of three heating methods may be used:
   • Electric Pressure Cooker
     Place standoff rack at base of pressure cooker. Add 1-2 inches of distilled water to the pressure cooker and turn heat to high, and incubate for 15 minutes. Open and immediately transfer slides to room temperature.
   • Water Bath Method
     Place tissues/slides in a pre-warmed staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA in a water bath set at 95°-99° C. Incubate for 30-60 minutes.
   • Conventional Steamer Method
     Place tissues/slides in a pre-warmed staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA in a Steamer, cover and steam for 30-60 minutes.
6. After heat treatment, transfer slides in ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA to room temperature and let stand for 15-20 minutes.
7. Wash slides with IHC wash buffer or DI water.
8. Continue IHC staining protocol.