CD31

CD31 is also called PECAM-1 for platelet endothelial cell-adhesion molecule. It plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils from the body. CD-31 is normally found on stem cells, endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages and Kupffer cells, granulocytes, T/NK cells, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts and neutrophils. CD-31 is also expressed in certain tumors, including Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid Sarcomalike Hemangioendothelioma, other vascular tumors, Histiocytic malignancies, and Plasmacytomas. It is rarely found in some sarcomas and carcinomas. CD-31 and macrophages play a key role in tissue regeneration.

CD31 is widely used to identify the vascular origin of neoplasms, as it is a highly specific and sensitive marker for vascular endothelial cells.

CD31 is a purified mouse monoclonal antibody from tissue culture supernatant diluted in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.6 with 1% bovine serum albumin and preserved with sodium azide.

1. Parums DV, et al. J Clin Path. 1990;43:752-757
2. De Young BR, et al. Ap Immuno. 1993;1:97-100
3. Alles JU, et al. J Histo Cyto. 1986;34:209-214

1. Cut and mount 3-4 micron formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues on positive charged slides.
2. Air dry for 2 hours at 58° C.
3. Deparaffinize, dehydrate and rehydrate tissues.
4. Subject tissues to heat epitope retrieval using a suitable retrieval solution such as ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate (BSB 0020-BSB 0023) or EDTA (BSB 0030-BSB 0033).
5. Any of three heating methods may be used:
   • Electric Pressure Cooker
     Place standoff rack at base of pressure cooker. Add 1-2 inches of distilled water to the pressure cooker and turn heat to high, and incubate for 15 minutes. Open and immediately transfer slides to room temperature.
   • Water Bath Method
     Place tissues/slides in a pre-warmed staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA in a water bath set at 95°-99° C. Incubate for 30-60 minutes.
   • Conventional Steamer Method
     Place tissues/slides in a pre-warmed staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA in a Steamer, cover and steam for 30-60 minutes.
6. After heat treatment, transfer slides in ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA to room temperature and let stand for 15-20 minutes.
7. Wash slides with IHC wash buffer or DI water.
8. Continue IHC staining protocol.